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NanoScience and Technology
NanoScience and Technology
Series Editors:
P. Avouris B. Bhushan D. Bimberg K. von Klitzing H. Sakaki R. Wiesendanger
The series NanoScience and Technology is focused on the fascinating nano-world, meso-
scopic physics, analysis with atomic resolution, nano and quantum-effect devices,
nanomechanics and atomic-scale processes. All the
developments in this emerging discipline are covered by comprehensive and timely books.
basic aspects and technology-oriented
The series constitutes a survey of the relevant special topics, which are presented by
leading experts in the f ield. These books will appeal to researchers, engineers, and advanced
students.
Please view available titles in
NanoScience and Technology
on series homepage
Horst Hahn
Anatoli Sidorenko
Ion Tiginyanu
(Editors)
Nanoscale Phenomena
Fundamentals and Applications
With106Figures
123
Editors
Professor Dr. Horst Hahn
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
Institut fur Nanotechnologie
76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
horst.hahn@int.fzk.de
Professor Dr. Anatoli Sidorenko
Professor Dr. Ion Tiginyanu
Academy of Science of Moldova
Institute of Electronic Engineering
and Industrial Technologies
Academiei Street 3/3, 2028 Chisinau, Moldova
sidorenko@int.fzk.de
tiginyanu@asm.md
Series Editors
Professor Dr. Phaedon Avouris
IBM Research Division
Nanometer Scale Science & Technology
Thomas J.Watson Research Center
P.O. Box 218
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
Professor Dr. Bharat Bhushan
Ohio State University
Nanotribology Laboratory
for Information Storage
and MEMS/NEMS (NLIM)
Suite 255, Ackerman Road 650
Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
Professor Dr. Dieter Bimberg
TU Berlin, Fakutat Mathematik/
Naturwissenschaften
Institut fur Festkorperphyisk
Hardenbergstr. 36
10623 Berlin, Germany
Professor Dr., Dres. h.c. Klaus von Klitzing
Max-Planck-Institut
fur Festkorperforschung
Heisenbergstr. 1
70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Professor Hiroyuki Sakaki
University of Tokyo
Institute of Industrial Science
4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku
Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
Professor Dr. Roland Wiesendanger
Institut fur Angewandte Physik
Universitat Hamburg
Jungiusstr. 11
20355 Hamburg, Germany
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-00708-8
Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York
e-ISBN 978-3-642-00708-8
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009929172
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is
concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting,
reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication
or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9,
1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations
are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not
imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective
laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
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Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
NanoScience and Technology ISSN 1434-4904
ISBN 978-3-642-00707-1
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