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New Latin Grammar
1
New Latin Grammar
The Project Gutenberg EBook of New Latin Grammar, by Charles E. Bennett This eBook is for the use of
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Title: New Latin Grammar
Author: Charles E. Bennett
Release Date: April 20, 2005 [EBook #15665]
Language: English
Character set encoding: Unicode UTF−8
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NEW LATIN GRAMMAR ***
Produced by Nathan Gibson, Keith Edkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team.
NEW LATIN GRAMMAR
BY
CHARLES E. BENNETT
Goldwin Smith Professor of Latin in Cornell University
_Quicquid praecipies, esto brevis, ut cito dicta_ _Percipiant animi dociles teneantque fideles:_ _Omne
supervacuum pleno de pectore manat._ −−HORACE,
Ars Poetica
.
COPYRIGHT, 1895; 1908; 1918 BY CHARLES E. BENNETT
* * * * *
PREFACE.
The present work is a revision of that published in 1908. No radical alterations have been introduced, although
a number of minor changes will be noted. I have added an Introduction on the origin and development of the
Latin language, which it is hoped will prove interesting and instructive to the more ambitious pupil. At the
end of the book will be found an Index to the Sources of the Illustrative Examples cited in the Syntax.
C.E.B.
ITHACA, NEW YORK, May 4, 1918
* * * * *
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.
PART I.
2
The present book is a revision of my
Latin Grammar
originally published in 1895. Wherever greater accuracy
or precision of statement seemed possible, I have endeavored to secure this. The rules for syllable division
have been changed and made to conform to the prevailing practice of the Romans themselves. In the Perfect
Subjunctive Active, the endings _−Ä«s_, _−Ä«mus_, _−Ä«tis_ are now marked long. The theory of vowel
length before the suffixes −gnus, −gna, −gnum, and also before j, has been discarded. In the Syntax I have
recognized a special category of Ablative of Association, and have abandoned the original doctrine as to the
force of tenses in the Prohibitive.
Apart from the foregoing, only minor and unessential modifications have been introduced. In its main lines
the work remains unchanged.
ITHACA, NEW YORK, October 16, 1907.
* * * * *
FROM THE PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.
The object of this book is to present
the essential facts
of Latin grammar in a direct and simple manner, and
within the smallest compass consistent with scholarly standards. While intended primarily for the secondary
school, it has not neglected the needs of the college student, and aims to furnish such grammatical information
as is ordinarily required in undergraduate courses.
The experience of foreign educators in recent years has tended to restrict the size of school−grammars of
Latin, and has demanded an incorporation of the main principles of the language in compact manuals of 250
pages. Within the past decade, several grammars of this scope have appeared abroad which have amply met
the most exacting demands.
The publication in this country of a grammar of similar plan and scope seems fully justified at the present
time, as all recent editions of classic texts summarize in introductions the special idioms of grammar and style
peculiar to individual authors. This makes it feasible to dispense with the enumeration of many
minutiae
of
usage which would otherwise demand consideration in a student's grammar.
In the chapter on Prosody, I have designedly omitted all special treatment of the lyric metres of Horace and
Catullus, as well as of the measures of the comic poets. Our standard editions of these authors all give such
thorough consideration to versification that repetition in a separate place seems superfluous.
ITHACA, NEW YORK, December 15, 1894.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Introduction−−The Latin language
PART I.
SOUNDS, ACCENT, QUANTITY, ETC.
The Alphabet § 1 Classification of Sounds § 2 Sounds of the Letters § 3 Syllables § 4 Quantity § 5
Accent § 6 Vowel Changes § 7 Consonant Changes § 8 Peculiarities of Orthography § 9
PART II.
3
PART II.
INFLECTIONS.
CHAPTER I.
−−_Declension._
A. NOUNS. § 10
Gender of Nouns § 13 Number § 16 Cases § 17 The Five Declensions § 18 First Declension § 20
Second Declension § 23 Third Declension § 28 Fourth Declension § 48 Fifth Declension § 51
Defective Nouns § 54
B. ADJECTIVES. § 62
Adjectives of the First and Second Declensions § 63 Adjectives of the Third Declension § 67 Comparison
of Adjectives § 71 Formation and Comparison of Adverbs § 76 Numerals § 78
C. PRONOUNS. § 82
Personal Pronouns § 84 Reflexive Pronouns § 85 Possessive Pronouns § 86 Demonstrative Pronouns §
87 The Intensive Pronoun § 88 The Relative Pronoun § 89 Interrogative Pronouns § 90 Indefinite
Pronouns § 91 Pronominal Adjectives § 92
CHAPTER II.
−−_Conjugation. § 93_
Verb Stems § 97 The Four Conjugations § 98 Conjugation of
Sum
§ 100 First Conjugation § 101
Second Conjugation § 103 Third Conjugation § 105 Fourth Conjugation § 107 Verbs in _−iÅ_ of the
Third Conjugation § 109 Deponent Verbs § 112 Semi−Deponents § 114 Periphrastic Conjugation §
115 Peculiarities of Conjugation § 116 Formation of the Verb Stems § 117 List of the Most Important
Verbs with Principal Parts § 120 Irregular Verbs § 124 Defective Verbs § 133 Impersonal Verbs § 138
PART III.
PARTICLES. § 139
Adverbs § 140 Prepositions § 141 Interjections § 145
PART IV.
WORD FORMATION.
I. DERIVATIVES. § 146
PART V.
4
Nouns § 147 Adjectives § 150 Verbs § 155 Adverbs § 157
II. COMPOUNDS. § 158
Examples of Compounds § 159
PART V.
SYNTAX.
CHAPTER I.
−−_Sentences._
Classification of Sentences § 161 Form of Interrogative Sentences § 162 Subject and Predicate § 163
Simple and Compound Sentences § 164
CHAPTER II.
−−_Syntax of Nouns._
Subject § 166 Predicate Nouns § 167 Appositives § 169 The Nominative § 170 The Accusative § 172
The Dative § 186 The Genitive § 194 The Ablative § 213 The Locative § 232
CHAPTER III.
−−_Syntax of Adjectives._
Agreement of Adjectives § 234 Adjectives used Substantively § 236 Adjectives with the Force of Adverbs
§ 239 Comparatives and Superlatives § 240 Other Peculiarities § 241
CHAPTER IV.
−−_Syntax of Pronouns._
Personal Pronouns § 242 Possessive Pronouns § 243 Reflexive Pronouns § 244 Reciprocal Pronouns §
245 Demonstrative Pronouns § 246 Relative Pronouns § 250 Indefinite Pronouns § 252 Pronominal
Adjectives § 253
CHAPTER V.
−−_Syntax of Verbs._
Agreement of Verbs § 254 Voices § 256 Tenses −− Of the Indicative § 257 −− Of the Subjunctive §
CHAPTER VI.
5
266 −− Of the Infinitive § 270 Moods −− In Independent Sentences § 271 −− −− Volitive Subjunctive §
273 −− −− Optative Subjunctive § 279 −− −− Potential Subjunctive § 280 −− −− Imperative § 281 −− In
Dependent Clauses −− −− Clauses of Purpose § 282 −− −− Clauses of Characteristic § 283 −− −− Clauses
of Result § 284 −− −− Causal Clauses § 285 −− −− Temporal Clauses −− −− −− Introduced by
Postquam
,
Ut
,
Ubi
, etc. § 287 −− −− −− _Cum_−Clauses § 288 −− −− −− Introduced by
Antequam
and
Priusquam
§ 291 −− −− −− Introduced by
Dum
, _DÅnec_,
Quoad
§ 293 −− −− Substantive Clauses § 294 −− −−
−− Developed from the Volitive § 295 −− −− −− Developed from the Optative § 296 −− −− −− Of Result
§ 297 −− −− −− After _nÅn dubito_, etc. § 298 −− −− −− Introduced by
Quod
§ 299 −− −− −− Indirect
Questions § 300 −− −− Conditional Sentences § 301 −− −− Use of _SÄ«_,
Nisi
, _SÄ«n_ § 306 −− −−
Conditional Clauses of Comparison § 307 −− −− Concessive Clauses § 308 −− −− Adversative Clauses
with _Quamvīs_,
Quamquam
, etc. § 309 −− −− Clauses of Wish and Proviso § 310 −− −− Relative
Clauses § 311 −− −− Indirect Discourse § 313 −− −− −− Moods in Indirect Discourse § 314 −− −− −−
Tenses in Indirect Discourse § 317 −− −− −− Conditional Sentences in Indirect Discourse § 319 −− −−
Implied Indirect Discourse § 323 −− −− Subjunctive by Attraction § 324 Noun and Adjective Forms of the
Verb § 325 −− Infinitive § 326 −− Participles § 336 −− Gerund § 338 −− Supine § 340
CHAPTER VI.
−−_Particles._
Coördinate Conjunctions § 341 Adverbs § 347
CHAPTER VII.
−−_Word−Order and Sentence−Structure._
Word−Order § 348 Sentence−Structure § 351
CHAPTER VIII.
−−_Hints on Latin Style. § 352_
Nouns § 353 Adjectives § 354 Pronouns § 355 Verbs § 356 The Cases § 357
PART VI.
PROSODY. § 360
Quantity of Vowels and Syllables § 362 Verse−Structure § 366 The Dactylic Hexameter § 368 The
Dactylic Pentameter § 369 Iambic Measures § 370
SUPPLEMENTS TO THE GRAMMAR.
I. Roman Calendar § 371 II. Roman Names § 373 III. Figures of Syntax and Rhetoric § 374
* * * * *
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